Monday, August 29, 2011

Is your weak butt giving you back pain?

Sitting all day leads to glute inhibition and quadricep dominance. When we sit all day, the glutes are seldom called upon to perform their primary purpose, which is hip extension (pulling the leg behind you). So we end up with tight, overactive hip flexors, and weak, overstretched glutes. When the glutes no longer work appropriately, the hamstrings and lower back muscles must compensate and work double-duty.

Weak glutes/tight hip flexors also lead to shortened hip extension movement, which leads to a compensatory over-arching of the lower back (increased lordosis). This leads to compression on the facet joints and intervertebral disks.

When the pelvis stays tilted forward (the increased lordosis, above), the abdominal muscles become overstretched and weakened, and the lower back muscles shorten and tighten. So you are left with overactive and abused hip flexors and lower back muscles, and glutes and abdominals that are not working.   

If you wanted to create a recipe for low back pain and dysfunction, the list of ingredients would be:

  • tight/overactive hip flexors and quadriceps
  • weak/inhibited glutes and hamstrings
  • weak abs and tight lower back
  • anterior tilt of the pelvis (hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine)

Is your weak butt giving you back pain?

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Sitting all day leads to glute inhibition and quadricep dominance. When we sit all day, the glutes are seldom called upon to perform their primary purpose, which is hip extension (pulling the leg behind you). So we end up with tight, overactive hip flexors, and weak, overstretched glutes. When the glutes no longer work properly, the hamstrings and lower back muscles must compensate and work double-duty.

 

Weak glutes/tight hip flexors also lead to shortened hip extension movement, which leads to a compensatory over-arching of the lower back (increased lordosis). This leads to compression on the facet joints and intervertebral disks.

When the pelvis stays tilted forward (the increased lordosis, above), the abdominal muscles become overstretched and weakened, and the lower back muscles shorten and tighten. So you are left with overactive and abused hip flexors and lower back muscles, and glutes and abdominals that are not working.   

If you wanted to create a recipe for low back pain and dysfunction, the list of ingredients would be:

  • tight/overactive hip flexors and quadriceps
  • weak/inhibited glutes and hamstrings
  • weak abs and tight lower back
  • anterior tilt of the pelvis (hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine)

 

Thursday, August 11, 2011

My Comments on the Paleo Diet

Comments on the Paleo Diet

(See my comments in blue.)


The Paleo diet should be high in fat, moderate in animal protein and low to
moderate in carbohydrates. Calorie counting is not encouraged, neither is portion
control.


I would be careful with an eating plan that states that portion control is not
encouraged.


Eat unlimited amounts of saturated fats like coconut oil and butter or clarified
butter. Beef tallow, lard and duck fat are also good, but only if they come from
healthy and well-treated animals. Beef or lamb tallow is a better choice than lamb
or duck fat. Olive, avocado and macadamia oil are also good fats to use in salads
and to drizzle over food, but not for cooking.


Eat generous amounts of animal protein. This includes red meat, poultry, pork,
eggs, organs (liver, kidney, heart…), wild caught fish and shellfish. Don’t be
scared to eat the fatty cuts and all meals with proteins should contain fat as well.
Learn to cook with bones in the form of stocks and broths.


It's true that saturated fat is only harmful to the arteries in the absence of
adequate HDL, adequate omega-3 intake, and lack of inflammatory
response in the system. Not too many people have all three of those
under control, so be careful about eating too much saturated fat if you are
a "normal" person. Remember the Atkins Diet argument? Same thing
here.


Eat good amounts of fresh or frozen vegetables either cooked or raw and served
with fat. Starchy vegetables like sweet potatoes and yams are also great as a
source of non-toxic carbohydrates.


Eat low to moderate amounts of fruits and nuts. Try to eat mostly fruits low in
sugar and high in antioxidants like berries as well as nuts high in omega-3, low in
omega-6 and low in total polyunsaturated fat like macadamia nuts.


Amen to all this.


Consider cutting off fruits and nuts altogether if you have an autoimmune
disease, digestive problem, or are trying to lose weight faster.

Nuts are common allergens for many people, and some people do not do
well with fructose, so I don't have a problem with the above if you fit the
described demographic.


Preferably choose pasture-raised and grass-fed meat coming from local,
environmentally-conscious farms. If not possible, choose lean cuts of meat and
supplement your fat with coconut oil, butter or clarified butter. Also preferably
choose organic, local and/or seasonal fruits and vegetables.


Good stuff, except you probably don't need to add more saturated fat to
your animal protein. Instead, spice it up with spices like rosemary,
oregano, cinnamon, turmeric, black pepper, cloves, garlic powder and
paprika -- these antioxidants reduce the triglyceride response from fatty
foods.


Cut out all cereal grains and legumes from your diet. This includes, but is not
limited to, wheat, rye, barley, oats, corn, brown rice, soy, peanuts, kidney beans,
pinto beans, navy beans and black eyed peas.


This is the kind of thing that makes "diets" unsustainable. Eating fewer
grains and more vegetables is a fine principle, but trying to cut out all
grains is very, very difficult, not to mention unnecessary. Additionally, one
will be hard-pressed to present a reasonable argument for legumes being
a problem.


Cut out all vegetable, hydrogenated and partly-hydrogenated oils including, but
not limited to, margarines, soybean oil, corn oil, crisco, peanut oil, canola oil,
safflower oil and sunflower oil. Olive oil and avocado oil are fine, but don’t cook
with them, use them in salad dressings and to drizzle over prepared food.


Correct.


Eliminate sugar, soft drinks, all packaged products and juices (including fruit
juices). As a rule of thumb, if it’s in a box, don’t eat it. At the grocery store, visit
only the meat, fish and produce sections.


Sound advice.


Eliminate dairy products other than butter and maybe heavy cream. You don’t
need dairy, but if you can’t live without, consider raw, full-fat and/or fermented
dairy.


Ah, the dairy argument. Given the available science, one can make a
reasonable argument both for and against, so I don't really have a strong
stand one way or the other. If you tolerate dairy well, go ahead, but use
hormone-free product from organic farms. If dairy gives you inflammatory
response, gastric upset, or mucus over-production, either skip it, or try an
alternative like sheep's milk or goat milk, or try dairy from European cows
– they are typically from a different genetic strain, and some folks with
lactose intolerance to milk from western genes can consume European
milk with no problems.

Thursday, August 4, 2011

Glycemic Index

by Nashville personal trainer Dan DeFigio

Glycemic value is a measure of how fast the carbohydrates of a particular food enter the bloodstream. The value assigned to a particular food is an average blood sugar response of various subjects tested. Foods with a higher GI rating enter the bloodstream more quickly. As a general rule for fat control, avoid eating too many high glycemic carbs. Extra insulin is turned into bodyfat.

ATTENTION DIABETICS:
Glucose response to a particular food is highly individual. Combinations of different foods can produce unexpected results. Also, the way food is prepared can have an effect on the GI. Therefore, you should always monitor your own blood glucose levels after eating particular foods to determine if they have a high or low GI for you. This index is reprinted from the Diabetes Knowledgebase:

152 maltose
138 glucose
134 cooked parsnips
132 puffed rice
131 lucozade
128 potato, Russet, baked
126 honey
121 rice, instant
118 potato, instant
117 carrots, cooked
115 cornflakes
109 fava beans
103 millet
100 tortilla, corn
100 potato, mashed
100 bread, white
100 bread, wheat, whole meal
99 corn chips
97 shredded wheat
96 muesli
94 Mars bar
91 cookies, plain crackers
91 apricots, canned
89 sucrose
89 bread, rye, whole meal
88 raisins
87 porridge oats
84 banana
81 rice, brown
81 pastry
80 corn, sweet
80 potato, new, boiled
79 fruit cocktail
78 cookies, oatmeal
77 potato chips
74 yam
74 peaches, canned
74 buckwheat
74 Allbran
70 potato, sweet
69 grapefruit juice
68 bread, rye, pumpernickel
67 orange juice
66 pineapple juice
65 peas, green, frozen
64 macaroni, white, boiled
63 wheat kernels
63 sponge cake
63 pears, canned
62 grapes
61 spaghetti, white or brown, boiled 15 min
60 baked beans, canned
59 orange
59 apple juice
58 pears
57 beans, white
54 pasta, star white, boiled 5 min
54 beans, brown
53 apple
52 yogurt
52 tomato soup
52 ice cream
52 fish fingers
50 lima beans
50 peas, green, dried
49 milk, whole
49 peas, chick (Garbanzo)
48 milk, 2%
47 rye kernels
46 milk, skim
46 beans, butter
46 peas, blackeye
46 apricots, dried
45 beans, kidney
43 beans, black
40 peaches
39 sausage
38 pasta, protein enriched
37 red lentils
34 plum
31 fructose
31 barley
22 soy beans
15 peanuts
12 Bengal gram dal
10 prickly pear (Nepal)



Here's another glycemic index reprinted from Ironman Magazine:

Cereals:
Cornflakes 80
Shredded wheat 67
Oatmeal 54
All Bran 51

Legumes:
Green peas 51
Baked beans 40
Chick peas 36
Kidney beans, butter beans, lentils 29
Soybeans 15

Fruit:
Apple 39
Banana 62
Orange 40
Orange juice 46
Raisins 64

Grains:
White bread 72
Wheat bread 69
Brown rice 66
White rice 72
Wheat spaghetti 42

Vegetables:
Beets 64
Carrots 92
Corn 59
Potato 70
Yam 51

Sugars:
Fructose 20
Glucose 100
Maltose 105
Sucrose 59

Misc:
Honey 87
Mars bar 68
Peanuts 13
Potato chips 51

Dairy:
Ice cream (full fat) 36
Yogurt (full fat) 36
Whole milk 34
Skim milk 32



Here is a glycemic index reprinted from The Zone by Dr. Barry Sears:

Glycemic value greater than 100:
Puffed rice cakes
Corn flakes
Puffed wheat
Millet
Instant rice
Instant potatoes
French bread
White bread

Glycemic value between 80 and 100:
Grapenuts
Whole wheat bread
Rolled oats
Oat bran
White rice
Brown rice
Muesli
Shredded wheat
Carrots
Corn
Parsnips
Bananas
Raisins
Apricots
Papaya
Mango
Ice cream (low fat)
Corn chips

Glycemic value between 50 and 80:
Spaghetti (white)
Spaghetti (whole wheat)
Pumpernickel bread
All-bran cereal
Oranges
Peas
Pinto beans
Garbanzo beans
Kidney beans
Baked beans
Potato chips (with fat)
Candy bar

Glycemic value between 30 and 50:
Barley
Oatmeal (slow cooking)
Whole grain rye bread
Apple
Pear
Grapes
Peaches
Lentils
Black-eyed peas
Chick peas
Lima beans
Kidney beans (dried)
Tomato soup
Ice cream (high fat)
Milk (whole or skim)
Yogurt

Glycemic value of 30 or less:
Cherries
Plums
Grapefruit
Soybeans
Peanuts

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Tuesday, August 2, 2011

Gluten-Free Diet

Gluten Allergy - (Celiac Sprue disease)

by Nashville personal trainer Dan DeFigio

Gluten is a mixture of two proteins, gliadin and glutenin. When mixed with water, it becomes sticky and so forms the familiar texture of dough made from wheat and rye flour. When gluten comes into contact with the lining of the small intestine, a reaction occurs, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the bowel as if it was a 'foreign' organism.

The small intestine has 'villi', which are tiny finger-like projections, visible under the microscope. They provide a large surface area, over which we absorb nutrients, such as vitamins, folic acid, iron and calcium. In coeliac disease these villi are attacked by the immune system and are eventually destroyed. This results in food going down the gut without nutrients being absorbed (malabsorption), leading to vitamin and mineral deficiencies, anemia, and osteoporosis.

Gluten is found in wheat, barley, and rye. That means a gluten-free diet cannot include bread, biscuits, cakes and pastries, pasta, common breakfast cereals, and many manufactured soups and sauces. Gluten is also hidden in some foods such as chips and similar snacks, as well as chips in restaurants. Stay away from “modified food starch” too.

Cooking oil (or mixed vegetable oil) can contain wheat-germ oil, so use sunflower or olive oil instead. Malt vinegar, soy sauce, mustard and mayonnaise contain gluten. Beer and whisky are made from grain containing gluten, but other alcoholic drinks, such as wine or cider are gluten-free. Most specialists now consider all distilled forms of alcohol safe to drink, provided no colorings or other additives have been added, as they might include gluten ingredients. Wine, sherry, port, cider, rum, tequila, bourbon and vermouth are all probably safe. Liqueurs and pre-mixed drinks should be examined carefully for gluten-derived ingredients.

Special care must be taken when checking ingredients lists as gluten may come in forms such as vegetable proteins and starch, modified food starch (when derived from wheat instead of maize), maltodextrin, malt flavoring, and glucose syrup. Many common ingredients contain wheat or barley derivatives.

Some medicines contain gluten, so you must check with your pharmacist.

The suitability of oats in the gluten-free diet is still somewhat controversial. Some research suggests that oats in themselves are gluten free, but that they are virtually always contaminated by other grains during distribution or processing (most oats are milled and stored in the same mills as wheat and are probably contaminated with gluten). However, recent research indicated that a protein naturally found in oats (avenin) possessed peptide sequences closely resembling wheat gluten and caused mucosal inflammation in significant numbers of coeliac disease sufferers. Some examination results show that oats are very dangerous to certain celiacs, while not very harmful to others. Given such conflicting results, excluding oats is the only risk-free choice for coeliac disease sufferers.

Hidden Gluten
Here's a list of places you might not expect to find gluten:

  • Sausages contain breadcrumbs (the bread is one of the ways in which the texture of the sausage is obtained, without including an unacceptably high proportion of fat), except the most high class variety of butcher's sausage, and even in this case it's quite likely.
  • Burgers, grillsteaks and similar products generally also include bread or other wheat products in the mixture.
  • Crab sticks and prawnies seem to be made entirely of fish, but if you check the label and you will find wheat flour or modified starch listed in the ingredients.
  • Some drinks contain gluten as a thickener, to provide 'body'.
  • Wheat flour may be a hidden ingredient in ice cream, ketchup, mayonnaise and instant coffee.
  • You often find gluten in low fat versions of products, to make them seem less watery (for example, yoghurt, soft cheese or mayonnaise).
  • Pre-packed grated cheese is coated in flour or modified starch to stop it from sticking together in the packet - this includes the cheese sold with jacket potatoes in takeaways, unless they grate their own (but most don't).
  • Obviously, anything coated in batter or breadcrumbs contains gluten in the coating. This makes almost every fish product out of bounds for the gluten intolerant, as the ones that aren't coated are usually packaged in a sauce thickened with flour.
  • Monosodium glutamate, known to Chinese cooks as 'taste powder' or 've-tsin' is manufactured with gluten. This ingredient is very frequently included in factory-prepared goods, but may not be listed on the label - or merely described as a 'flavor enhancer' or 'natural flavoring'.
  • Soy sauce is almost always made by fermenting soy beans and wheat together, so contains gluten.
  • Although wheat germ does not itself contain gluten, because of the process of separation employed in manufacture, it is likely that a small amount of gluten will be present in wheat germ sold in the stores.
  • Malt and malt extract are derived from wheat, and can be a hidden source of gluten. This is sometimes listed as maltase or malto-dextrin.
  • Any alcoholic drink made from grain -- beer or whisky, for example, contains gluten.
  • Even medicines may contain gluten, used as a thickener or a binder.

Gluten-free food

Of course, many foods do not contain gluten, including all fruits and vegetables, rice, maize, sweet corn, nuts, potatoes, red meat, chicken, fish, eggs, and dairy products (although a lot of patients with gluten allergies also react poorly to dairy, so if a gluten-free diet does not improve your symptoms, we should look at a dairy-free diet too).

Several grains and starch sources are considered acceptable for a gluten-free diet. The most frequently used are maize (corn), potatoes, rice, and tapioca (derived from cassava). Other grains and starch sources generally considered suitable for gluten-free diets include amaranth, arrowroot, millet, montina, lupine, quinoa, sorghum (jowar), sweet potato, taro, teff, and yam. Various types of bean, soybean, and nut flours are sometimes used in gluten-free products to add protein and dietary fiber. In spite of its name, buckwheat is not related to wheat; pure buckwheat is considered acceptable for a gluten-free diet, although many commercial buckwheat products are actually mixtures of wheat and buckwheat flours, and thus not acceptable.

Important: This article is not intended to serve as a treatment for gluten allergy, nor is it intended as a substitute for qualified nutritional and medical guidance from appropriate professionals.

Thursday, July 28, 2011

Dangers of Artificial Sweeteners

by Nashville personal trainer Dan DeFigio

 

artificial sweetenersWhat if I told you that there was a chemical added to many foods that could cause brain damage in you and your children?

If I showed you evidence that something many people drink every day could be precipitating some of the degenerative neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, would you be upset?

Would it surprise you to learn that the FDA has approved several food additives to sweeten food
which have been proven to increase the risk of brain tumors and thyroid problems?

You can either believe the FDA position stand that these chemicals are "generally regarded as safe in moderation",
or you can investigate the science and research yourself. I suggest you do the latter. Here is what I have found.

 

Artificial sweeteners work by causing neuroexcitation in a part of the brain that causes us to perceive a sweet taste.
The problem is, these chemical sweeteners over-stimulate the neurons, to the point where they literally self-destruct.

MSG and NutraSweet are especially dangerous for babies (both in and out of the womb), because infants' brains are not yet protected by the blood-brain barrier. My own theory explaining some of the enormous rise in the incidence of autism in American children is that it is due to the mothers' use of these chemicals while pregnant, and the prevalence of these chemicals in processed
food for babies and toddlers. I am not making this up -- I will encourage you to investigate the research in such journals as
The Journal of Child Neurology, Biomed Biochim Acta, International Journal of Neuroscience, and Journal of Neurochemistry.

Let's look at some of the specific sweeteners and their associated dangers:

 

MSG (monosodium glutamate)

Most folks are aware that this one is bad news. Here's why:

Brain damage. Excessive glutamate in the brain kills glutamate receptors and neurons connected to it.
This has huge implications for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Weight gain. MSG increases the amount on insulin produced by the pancreas. One of the standard
laboratory practices to create obese mice and rats is to inject them with MSG. They are even referred
to as "monosodium-glutamate-obese rats" in the research reports! I am not joking -- go to www.pubmed.com
and search for "MSG obese".

Retinal cell damage.

Hypothalmus damage. The hypothalmus controls other endocrine glands like thyroid, adrenals, etc.

Increases appetite. The pro-MSG lobbying web site (www.msgfacts.com) used to boast that one of the
benefits of MSG use for food manufacturers was that it caused people to eat more of their products!

Other names for MSG

Because MSG gets so much bad publicity, food manufacturers will hide MSG behind these names:

  • Hydrolyzed vegetable protein
  • Natural flavoring
  • Spices
  • Plant protein extract
  • Sodium casienate
  • Yeast extract
  • Textured (vegetable) protein
  • Hydrolyzed oat flour
  • Malt flavoring
  • Natural beef (or chicken) flavoring
Why is this legal? Somebody help me out here!

 

NutraSweet (aspartame)

Brain damage. Like MSG, aspartame kills glutamate receptors and neurons connected to it.
This has huge implications for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Increased appetite. NutraSweet supresses production of seratonin, which is one
of the neurotransmitters that makes you feel full and satisfied. When your serotonin levels
are not allowed to rise as they normally do when you eat, you crave more and more food.

Methanol (wood alcohol). Aspartame is 10% methanol, which according to the European Journal
of Clinical Nutrition, "can give rise to formaldehyde, diketopiperazine (a carcinogen,) and a number
of other highly toxic derivatives."  [Homer Simpson voice] "Mmmm....Highly toxic derivatives...."

Brain tumors. In experiments to test the safety of aspartame before its FDA approval in 1981,
animals fed NutraSweet developed 25 times as many brain tumors as the control animals.

 

Splenda (sucralose)

Good news -- apparently sucralose doesn't cross the blood-brain barrier, so it shouldn't
cause brain damage.

Bad news -- Splenda is a chlorocarbon, which is a known carcinogen (and is used as a pesticide too).
The chlorocarbons have long been known for causing organ, genetic, and reproductive damage.

Immune system suppression. The testing of sucralose reveals that it can cause up to 40 percent
shrinkage of the thymus -- a gland that is vital to our immune system.

More sucralose trouble -- In animal studies, Splenda reduces the amount of good bacteria in the intestines
by 50%, acidifies the intestines, and contributes to increases in body weight. It also affects the P-glycoprotein
in the body in such a way that certain medications (chemotherapy, AIDS treatment, and drugs for heart conditions)
could be rejected by shunting them back into the intestines rather than being absorbed by the body as intended.

Splenda was approved by the FDA as a sweetener in 1998. The approval was based on more than 110 animal and human safety studies. However, what they don't specify was that out of these 110 studies, only two were human studies, consisting of a combined total of 36 people, of which only 23 people actually ingested sucralose. Additionally, the longest of these two human trials lasted only four days and looked at sucralose in relation to tooth decay, not human tolerance!

What Should We Do?

Don't eat products with these chemicals (or their hidden pseudonymns) on the label.

Without getting into too much biochemistry, suffice to say that supplemental vitamin E,
vitamin C, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and acetyl l-carnitine have powerful neuroprotective
(brain-protecting) properties. Preliminary research on alpha-lipoic acid may look good too.

If you must eat or drink something with MSG or Nutrasweet, make sure there are some
carbohydrates in your system. The damage that these chemicals cause to your brain is
much worse when your glucose levels are low. One of the worst things you can do to your
brain is drink a diet soda on an empty stomach!


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Tuesday, July 26, 2011

Creatine

by Nashville personal trainer Dan DeFigio

WHAT IS CREATINE MONOHYDRATE?

Creatine (methylguanido-acetic acid) is a compound that is vital to the process that supplies energy to our muscles. Creatine is taken up by the muscles cells where an enzyme called creatine kinase bonds creatine to a phosphate group. The resulting compound is creatine phosphate (also called phosphocreatine), and it is stored in muscle cells until the phosphate bonds are broken in order to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the substance our bodies use to fuel muscular contractions. The bottom line for muscular performance is that your ability to regenerate ATP depends on your supply of creatine. The more creatine you have in your muscles, the more ATP you can regenerate, allowing your muscles to function at their maximum potential. We obtain creatine from meat and fish in our diets, and our bodies also make it from the amino acids arginine, methionine, and glycine.

DO I NEED A CREATINE SUPPLEMENT?

3
Between what your body makes and the small amount found in foods (you'd have to eat 5 lbs. of steak to get 10 grams of creatine!), most people have muscle creatine levels that are just a fraction of what they could be. The average person uses about 2 grams of creatine daily, which is the amount that is usually eaten and synthesized in a day; thus the average person maintains creatine balance. Athletes, however, are not average people. High intensity exercise rapidly depletes creatine stores, thus limiting performance. An athlete with higher creatine levels will be stronger, faster, and last longer than one with low muscle creatine levels. A dietary creatine supplement is a proven performance enhancer for any athlete whose activities involve short, intense bursts of energy - weightlifters, sprinters, martial artists, football players, swimmers, etc. There is no evidence to my knowledge that indicates whether or not creatine supplementation improves endurance - long distance running or cycling - but there is some preliminary evidence that creatine may act as a lactic acid buffer. Further research will provide more answers.

IS IT SAFE?

Creatine is not a steroid or a drug. It is a perfectly natural substance, and any extra creatine in your system is excreted. Creatine has been proven to be very safe, even when used in relatively large quantities. The only adverse effects reported in any of the studies are diuresis, occasional gastric upset, and, according to Dr. Paul Balson in a 1994 Sports Medicine review, "an increase in body mass." I suspect that most athletes (especially bodybuilders) will gladly accept this "adverse effect." Athletes have been supplementing with creatine for 40 or 50 years, and none of the research to date shows any negative effects of creatine supplementation.

CLICK HERE TO READ THE SUMMARY OF THE
NATIONAL STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING ASSOCIATION CREATINE SYMPOSIUM, JUNE 1998

HOW DO I USE CREATINE?

Creatine monohydrate is the best form to use as a supplement. Other forms are either ineffective or less concentrated. Creatine monohydrate is sold in powder or capsule form. I recommend powder - correct dosages require swallowing an awful lot of capsules! There are two options for saturating creatine stores in muscle. Option one is to use a loading phase. Take a 4 gram (slightly less than a flat teaspoon) serving, dissolved in liquid, four or five times daily for 4 or 5 days. Then drop to a maintenance dose of one or two servings daily.

Option two is simply to begin taking one or two maintenance doses every day. In about a month, your creatine levels will reach what they would be after the loading phase.

Buy creatine monohydrate from established, reputable companies like EAS, Twinlab, Nature's Best, Weider Nutrition, and SportPharma. Some "discount" supplements contain little or no actual creatine, and may contain undesirable additives. Creatine uptake is markedly enhanced by ingesting it with some simple (high glycemic) carbohydrates*. The added insulin response transports more creatine into the muscles. EAS sells a product called Phosphagen HP that has carbs and other creatine uptake enhancers mixed in. I recommend it highly. A recent study showed Phosphagen HP boosted anaerobic performance 30% more than creatine alone1. Take your maintenance dose any time on non-training days. Do not take it on an empty stomach - 'screaming diarrhea' is the operative phrase here. On workout days, take one dose 1 or 2 hours before your workout, and one dose with your post-workout shake or meal.

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN I STOP TAKING CREATINE?

Your muscle creatine levels will gradually drop back to pre-supplementation levels over the course of one or two months.

*Glycemic value is a measure of the speed at which a carbohydrate is broken down and released into the bloodstream. Several glycemic indicies are available here.

1 Stout JR, et al., "The Effects of a Supplement Designed to Augment Creatine Uptake on Anaerobic Reserve Capacity" NSCA National Conference Abstract 1997.


Here are some charts reprinted from Creatine: Nature's Muscle Builder by Dr. Ray Sahelian and Dave Tuttle (Avery Publishing Group, Garden City Park, NY).

Creatine Daily Maintenance Dosages (in grams)

 BODYWEIGHT

LEVEL 1

LEVEL 2

LEVEL 3

 up to 155 lbs 4 6 8
156 - 175 lbs 5 7 9
176 - 199 lbs 6 8 10
200 - 225 lbs 7 9 11
over 225 lbs 8 10 12

level 1: 2 or 3 workouts per week, low intensity
level 2: 3 or 4 workouts per week, medium intensity
level 3: 4 to 6 workouts per week, high intensity


Creatine Content of Some Foods (g/kg):

Beef: 4.5
Cod: 3.0
Herring: 6.5
Pork: 5.0
Salmon: 4.5
Tuna: 4.0

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